http://teratogenlead.pbwiki.com/ RecentChanges for TeratogenLead en http://teratogenlead.pbwiki.com/feedlogo.gif http://pbwiki.com/ PBwiki 1.3.8 support@pbwiki.com http://teratogenlead.pbwiki.com/FrontPage email.hidden@example.com (Garrett) Garrett edited FrontPage Another way in which lead is thought to affect the body is by interacting with another protein kinase, known as protein kinase C, which regulates long-term potentiation. Again, lead mimics the effects of calcium and binds with the protein kinase; however, lead is able to affect protein kinase C in smaller concentrations and the enzyme is activated for a longer duration when bound with lead. Long-term potentiation is believed to be an integral part of memory storage, which may provide another explanation for why children who have suffered from lead exposure tend to have learning and behavioral deficits (Schuld).
A final way in which lead can affect the body is by affecting the central nervous system via the blood-brain barrier. The blood-brain barrier normally manages what passes into the brain from the blood, using a series of interlocked cells. When individuals are exposed to large amounts of lead, the blood-brain barrier is disrupted, leading to increased permeability. Large molecules, water, and ions be]]> Tue, 02 Oct 2007 08:30:55 +0000 mod http://teratogenlead.pbwiki.com/FrontPage email.hidden@example.com (Al) Al edited FrontPage Arizona Office of Environmental Health. (2004). Pathways of Lead Exposure. Retrieved September 27, 2007, from http://www.azdhs.gov/phs/oeh/invsurv/lead/bklet_leadpath.htm.
Arizona Office of Environmental Health. (2004). Sources of Lead Exposure. Retrieved September 27, 2007, from http://www.azdhs.gov/phs/oeh/invsurv/lead/bklet_leadsource.htm.
Babin, Angela M.S. (1994). Lead Hazards. Retrieved October 1, 2007, from http://www.chicagoartistsresource.org/?q=node/17166
Bellinger, D.C. (2005). Teratogen update: lead and pregnancy. Birth Defects Research, 73, 409-420. Retrieved September 24, 2007, from PubMed.
Environmental Protection Agency. (2000). Lead Poisoning and Your Children. Retrieved September 26, 2007, from http://www.epa.gov/lead/pubs/lpandyce.pdf.
]]> Tue, 02 Oct 2007 06:56:59 +0000 mod http://teratogenlead.pbwiki.com/FrontPage email.hidden@example.com (Al) Al edited FrontPage Common places to find lead in your home:
www.narconon.ca/treatment_children.htm
The Effects of Lead on a Baby
The presence of lead exposure during pregnancy, which is generally judged by the presence of lead in cord blood, is linked with many adverse effects on fetuses and babies. Here these effects are split into three categories.
Effects Before or at Birth
The increased presence of lead has been linked with three major issues,
Spontaneous abortion
Stillbirths
Premature birth
Now spontaneous abortion and stillbirths are very bad scenarios but premature birth can contribute to physical and mental problems.
Physical Effects
The increased presence of lead can be a contributing factor in many physical issues,
Lower general birth size
Low birth weight
Smaller head size at birth
Some malformations
Hindered brain development
The three effects in concerned with size and weight at birth are connected to premature births but it is probably less the case that lead]]> Tue, 02 Oct 2007 06:50:05 +0000 mod http://teratogenlead.pbwiki.com/FrontPage email.hidden@example.com (Anthony) Anthony edited FrontPage While male exposure levels must be quite high to create serious fertility and gestation problems, pregnant women with levels as low as 5-9 μg/dl may have twice the usual risk of spontaneous abortion (Bellinger). At levels of less than 10 μg/dl, women are also at increased risk for pregnancy hypertension, with a greater risk if exposure has been over a prolonged period of time (Bellinger).
How Lead Interacts with the Brain
each other.” other” (Schuld). Lead also seems to change the way in which the calcium channels act; normal calcium uptake through the channels is decreased after ten minutes, while lead uptake through the same channels continues at a high rate for over 45 minutes. This explains why lead is able to reach such high concentrations in some cells. cells (Schuld).
Calcium is important to normal brain functioning, as calcium ions can cause neurotransmitters to be released, which aids in the conduction of nerve impulses]]> Tue, 02 Oct 2007 03:04:07 +0000 mod http://teratogenlead.pbwiki.com/FrontPage email.hidden@example.com (Anthony) Anthony edited FrontPage]]> Tue, 02 Oct 2007 02:54:39 +0000 mod http://teratogenlead.pbwiki.com/FrontPage email.hidden@example.com (Anthony) Anthony edited FrontPage www.narconon.ca/treatment_children.htm
References
from http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/csem/lead/pbphysiologic_effects2.html http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/csem/lead/pbphysiologic_effects2.html.
American Family Physician. (2000). Preventing and Treating Lead Poisoning in Children. Retrieved September 26, 2007, from http://www.aafp.org/afp/20000801/559ph.html http://www.aafp.org/afp/20000801/559ph.html.
Arizona Office of Environmental Health. (2004). Pathways of Lead Exposure. Retrieved September 27, 2007, from http://www.azdhs.gov/phs/oeh/invsurv/lead/bklet_leadpath.htm http://www.azdhs.gov/phs/oeh/invsurv/lead/bklet_leadpath.htm.
Arizona Office of Environmental Health. (2004). Sources of Lead Exposure. Retrieved September 27, 2007, from http://www.azdhs.gov/phs/oeh/invsurv/lead/bklet_leadsource.htm http://www.azdhs.gov/phs/oeh/invsurv/lead/bklet_leadsource.htm.
Bellinger, D.C. (2005). Teratogen update: lead and preg]]> Tue, 02 Oct 2007 02:52:06 +0000 mod http://teratogenlead.pbwiki.com/FrontPage email.hidden@example.com (Anthony) Anthony edited FrontPage]]> Tue, 02 Oct 2007 02:45:05 +0000 mod http://teratogenlead.pbwiki.com/FrontPage email.hidden@example.com (Anthony) Anthony edited FrontPage]]> Tue, 02 Oct 2007 02:44:25 +0000 mod http://teratogenlead.pbwiki.com/FrontPage email.hidden@example.com (Anthony) Anthony edited FrontPage Effects for Pregnant Women
While male exposure levels must be quite high to create serious fertility and gestation problems, pregnant women with levels as low as 5-9 μg/dl may have twice the usual risk of spontaneous abortion (Bellinger). At levels of less than 10 μg/dl, women are also at increased risk for pregnancy hypertension, with a greater risk if exposure has been over a prolonged period of time (Bellinger).
How Lead Interacts with the Brain
Most of the health problems associated with lead exposure are related to the fact that the metal is able to both inhibit and mimic the action of calcium in the body. Scientists believe that lead enters cells through calcium channels, since lead uptake is increased by the same drugs that increase calcium uptake. In addition, high levels of one chemical decrease the transport of the other, which means that they are “competitive inhibitors to each other.” Lead also seems to change the way in which the calcium channels act; normal calcium uptake thr]]> Tue, 02 Oct 2007 02:42:38 +0000 mod http://teratogenlead.pbwiki.com/FrontPage email.hidden@example.com (Anthony) Anthony edited FrontPage How to Prevent Lead Poisoning
Before 1978, lead was used in all sorts of commonly handled goods. It can be found in paint, soil, drinking water, and food. Lead is tasteless and odorless and could be found anywhere around your home (Lead Poisoning, 2000). Lead Poisoning is relatively easy to avoid. With a few careful measures you can almost ensure that you and your child will be safe.
of lead lead:
Make sure to wash floors, window frames/sills, floors, and other surfaces weekly with an all-purpose cleaner.
Be sure to also was your children's toys regularly (Lead Poisoning, 2000).
to take. take:
Seal off the rooms that are being remodeled. You could put a heavy sheet of plastic over all of the doorways and windows of the work areas so any dust containing lead won’t spread (Preventing, 2000).
Don’t remove lead paint yourself. When paint containing lead is rubbed or scraped it creates a dust that also contains lead and will therefore be easier]]> Tue, 02 Oct 2007 02:32:07 +0000 mod http://teratogenlead.pbwiki.com/FrontPage email.hidden@example.com (Anthony) Anthony edited FrontPage]]> Tue, 02 Oct 2007 02:30:13 +0000 mod http://teratogenlead.pbwiki.com/FrontPage email.hidden@example.com (Anthony) Anthony edited FrontPage]]> Tue, 02 Oct 2007 02:28:32 +0000 mod http://teratogenlead.pbwiki.com/FrontPage email.hidden@example.com (Anthony) Anthony edited FrontPage If you work in an environment or participate in a hobby that is in an environment containing lead, then you should refrain from bringing home the clothes worn there.
Pregnant woman should refrain from participating in such work or hobbies to avoid injury to the fetus (Lead Poisoning).
tested. “Most "Most well or city water does not naturally contain lead. Water usually picks up lead inside your home from household plumbing that is made with lead materials” materials" (Lead Poisoning, 2000).
You should run your water for 15 to 30 seconds before drinking it, especially if you have not used your water for a few hours.
Water from public sources is regularly tested for lead. You can get information about your drinking water from your local board of health (Lead and Pregnancy, 2005).
]]> Tue, 02 Oct 2007 02:27:18 +0000 mod http://teratogenlead.pbwiki.com/FrontPage email.hidden@example.com (Anthony) Anthony edited FrontPage]]> Tue, 02 Oct 2007 02:24:23 +0000 mod http://teratogenlead.pbwiki.com/FrontPage email.hidden@example.com (Anthony) Anthony edited FrontPage]]> Tue, 02 Oct 2007 02:20:02 +0000 mod http://teratogenlead.pbwiki.com/FrontPage email.hidden@example.com (Anthony) Anthony edited FrontPage Keep Your Home Clean...Soil can contain trace amounts of lead
Make sure to wash floors, window frames/sills, floors, and other surfaces weekly with an all-purpose cleaner.
toys regul arly regularly (Lead Poisoning, 2000).
When remodeling, there are a few precautionary measures to take.
Seal off the rooms that are being remodeled. You could put a heavy sheet of plastic over all of the doorways and windows of the work areas so any dust containing lead won’t spread (Preventing, 2000).
]]> Tue, 02 Oct 2007 02:16:32 +0000 mod http://teratogenlead.pbwiki.com/FrontPage email.hidden@example.com (Anthony) Anthony edited FrontPage]]> Tue, 02 Oct 2007 02:14:50 +0000 mod http://teratogenlead.pbwiki.com/FrontPage email.hidden@example.com (Anthony) Anthony edited FrontPage]]> Tue, 02 Oct 2007 02:14:28 +0000 mod http://teratogenlead.pbwiki.com/FrontPage email.hidden@example.com (Anthony) Anthony edited FrontPage]]> Tue, 02 Oct 2007 02:13:31 +0000 mod http://teratogenlead.pbwiki.com/FrontPage email.hidden@example.com (Anthony) Anthony edited FrontPage]]> Tue, 02 Oct 2007 02:12:00 +0000 mod